Recent Advances in Synergistic Modulation of Transition-Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation: A Mini Review

Synergistic modulation has been extensively explored to develop highly efficient transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because coupling effects among intrinsic activity, conductivity, mass transfer, diffusion, and intermediates adsorption can further promote catalytic activity. In this review, recent progress in both experimental theoretical research on synergistic alkaline OER is focused. Specifically, will be presented the following aspects: (1) metal reactive sites heterogeneous atoms; (2) atoms crystallographic structure; (3) electronic structure morphology; (4) elementary steps; (5) external fields. Finally, remaining challenges prospects of are proposed.